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        <h4 id="PHP数据库扩展"><a href="#PHP数据库扩展" class="headerlink" title="PHP数据库扩展"></a><strong>PHP数据库扩展</strong></h4><p>PHP通过安装相应的扩展来实现数据库操作，PHP中一个数据库可能有一个或者多个扩展，其中既有官方的，也有第三方提供的。像Mysql常用的扩展有原生的mysql库，也可以使用增强版的mysqli扩展，还可以使用PDO进行连接与操作。</p>
<p>不同的扩展提供基本相近的操作方法，不同的是可能具备一些新特性，以及操作性能可能会有所不同。</p>
<p>mysql扩展进行数据库连接的方法：</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PHP"><figure class="iseeu highlight /php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$link = mysql_connect(<span class="string">'mysql_host'</span>, <span class="string">'mysql_user'</span>, <span class="string">'mysql_password'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<a id="more"></a>

<p>mysqli扩展：</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PHP"><figure class="iseeu highlight /php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$link = mysqli_connect(<span class="string">'mysql_host'</span>, <span class="string">'mysql_user'</span>, <span class="string">'mysql_password'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<p>PDO扩展：</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PHP"><figure class="iseeu highlight /php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$dsn = <span class="string">'mysql:dbname=testdb;host=127.0.0.1'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">$user = <span class="string">'dbuser'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">$password = <span class="string">'dbpass'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">$dbh = <span class="keyword">new</span> PDO($dsn, $user, $password);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<p>如果PHP中没有对应扩展可以通过包管理器安装，再在PHP配置文件‘php.ini’添加‘extension=扩展名.so’开启扩展：<br>例如：</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="BASH"><figure class="iseeu highlight /bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">apt install php7.0-mysqli</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">php.ini:</span><br><span class="line">extension=mysqli.so</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<h4 id="PHP数据库操作之连接MySQL数据库"><a href="#PHP数据库操作之连接MySQL数据库" class="headerlink" title="PHP数据库操作之连接MySQL数据库"></a><strong>PHP数据库操作之连接MySQL数据库</strong></h4><p>PHP要对数据库进行操作，首先要做的是与数据库建立连接，通常我们使用mysql_connect函数进行数据库连接，该函数需要指定数据库的地址，用户名及密码。</p>
<p>示例：</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PHP"><figure class="iseeu highlight /php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$host = <span class="string">'127.0.0.1'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">$user = <span class="string">'code1'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">$pass = <span class="string">''</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">$link = mysql_connect($host,$user,$pass);  <span class="comment">//在这里编写数据库连接代码</span></span><br><span class="line">mysql_select_db(<span class="string">'code1'</span>);  <span class="comment">//选择需要操作的数据库</span></span><br><span class="line">mysql_query(<span class="string">"set names 'utf8'"</span>);  <span class="comment">//设置当前连接使用的字符编码</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>


<h4 id="PHP数据库操作之执行MySQL查询"><a href="#PHP数据库操作之执行MySQL查询" class="headerlink" title="PHP数据库操作之执行MySQL查询"></a><strong>PHP数据库操作之执行MySQL查询</strong></h4><p>在数据库建立连接以后就可以进行查询，采用mysql_query加sql语句的形式向数据库发送查询指令。</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PHP"><figure class="iseeu highlight /php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$res = mysql_query(<span class="string">'select * from user'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<p>对于查询类的语句会返回一个资源句柄（resource），可以通过该资源获取查询结果集中的数据。</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PHP"><figure class="iseeu highlight /php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$row = mysql_fetch_array($res);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<p>默认的，PHP使用最近的数据库连接执行查询，但如果存在多个连接的情况，则可以通过参数指令从那个连接中进行查询。</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PHP"><figure class="iseeu highlight /php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$link1 = mysql_connect(<span class="string">'127.0.0.1'</span>, <span class="string">'code1'</span>, <span class="string">''</span>);</span><br><span class="line">$link2 = mysql_connect(<span class="string">'127.0.0.1'</span>, <span class="string">'code1'</span>, <span class="string">''</span>, <span class="keyword">true</span>); <span class="comment">//开启一个新的连接</span></span><br><span class="line">$res = mysql_query(<span class="string">'select * from user limit 1'</span>, $link1); <span class="comment">//从第一个连接中查询数据</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>


<h4 id="PHP数据库操作之插入新数据到MySQL中"><a href="#PHP数据库操作之插入新数据到MySQL中" class="headerlink" title="PHP数据库操作之插入新数据到MySQL中"></a><strong>PHP数据库操作之插入新数据到MySQL中</strong></h4><p>和数据查询一样，插入数据其实也是通过执行一个sql语句来实现。</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PHP"><figure class="iseeu highlight /php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$name = <span class="string">'李四'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">$age = <span class="number">18</span>;</span><br><span class="line">$class = <span class="string">'高三一班'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">$sql = <span class="string">"insert into user(name, age, class) values('$name', '$age', '$class')"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">mysql_query($sql); <span class="comment">//执行插入语句</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<p>在mysql中，执行插入语句以后，可以得到自增的主键id,通过PHP的mysql_insert_id函数可以获取该id。这个id的作用非常大，通常可以用来判断是否插入成功，或者作为关联ID进行其他的数据操作。</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PHP"><figure class="iseeu highlight /php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$uid = mysql_insert_id();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>


<h4 id="PHP数据库操作之查询分页数据"><a href="#PHP数据库操作之查询分页数据" class="headerlink" title="PHP数据库操作之查询分页数据"></a><strong>PHP数据库操作之查询分页数据</strong></h4><p>通过循环可以获取一个查询的所有数据，在实际应用中，我们并不希望一次性获取数据表中的所有数据，那样性能会非常的低，因此会使用翻页功能，每页仅显示10条或者20条数据。</p>
<p>通过mysql的limit可以很容易的实现分页，limit m,n表示从m行后取n行数据，在PHP中我们需要构造m与n来实现获取某一页的所有数据。</p>
<p>假定当前页为$page，每页显示$n条数据，那么m为当前页前面所有的数据，既$m = ($page-1) * $n，在知道了翻页原理以后，那么我们很容易通过构造SQL语句在PHP中实现数据翻页。</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PHP"><figure class="iseeu highlight /php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//连接数据库</span></span><br><span class="line">mysql_connect(<span class="string">'127.0.0.1'</span>, <span class="string">'code1'</span>, <span class="string">''</span>);</span><br><span class="line">mysql_select_db(<span class="string">'code1'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">mysql_query(<span class="string">"set names 'utf8'"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//预设翻页参数</span></span><br><span class="line">$page = <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line">$pagesize = <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//在这里构建分页查询</span></span><br><span class="line">$m = ($page <span class="number">-1</span>)*$pagesize;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//获取翻页数据</span></span><br><span class="line">$result = mysql_query($sql);</span><br><span class="line">$data = <span class="keyword">array</span>();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span> ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    $data[] = $row;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">'&lt;pre&gt;'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">print_r($data);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">'&lt;/pre&gt;'</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<p>在上面的例子中，我们使用了$m与$n变量来表示偏移量与每页数据条数，但我们推荐使用更有意义的变量名来表示，比如$pagesize, $start, $offset等，这样更容易理解，有助于团队协作开发。</p>
<h4 id="PHP数据库操作之更新与删除数据"><a href="#PHP数据库操作之更新与删除数据" class="headerlink" title="PHP数据库操作之更新与删除数据"></a><strong>PHP数据库操作之更新与删除数据</strong></h4><p>数据的更新与删除相对比较简单，只需要构建好相应的sql语句，然后调用mysql_query执行就能完成相应的更新与删除操作。</p>
<p>更新：</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PHP"><figure class="iseeu highlight /php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$sql = <span class="string">"update user set name = '曹操' where id=2 limit 1"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> (mysql_query($sql)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">'更新成功'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<p>删除：</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PHP"><figure class="iseeu highlight /php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$sql = <span class="string">"delete from user where id=2 limit 1"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> (mysql_query($sql)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">'删除成功'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<p>对于删除与更新操作，可以通过mysql_affected_rows函数来获取更新过的数据行数，如果数据没有变化，则结果为0。</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PHP"><figure class="iseeu highlight /php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$sql = <span class="string">"update user set name = '曹操' where id=2 limit 1"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> (mysql_query($sql)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">echo</span> mysql_affected_rows();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<h4 id="PHP数据库操作之关闭MySQL连接"><a href="#PHP数据库操作之关闭MySQL连接" class="headerlink" title="PHP数据库操作之关闭MySQL连接"></a><strong>PHP数据库操作之关闭MySQL连接</strong></h4><p>当数据库操作完成以后，可以使用mysql_close关闭数据库连接，默认的，当PHP执行完毕以后，会自动的关闭数据库连接。</p>
<p>自动关闭数据库连接：</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PHP"><figure class="iseeu highlight /php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mysql_closer();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<p>在存在多个数据库连接，对性能要求比较高的情况下，可以设定连接资源参数来关闭指定的数据库连接，有利于在进行完数据库操作之后尽快关闭数据库连接，以节省资源，提高性能。</p>
<p>关闭指定数据库连接：</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PHP"><figure class="iseeu highlight /php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$link = mysql_connect($host, $user, $pass);</span><br><span class="line">mysql_close($link);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

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<p>源自：本篇文章为慕课网PHP入门教程的知识总结<br>声明：以上内容如有不足之处，欢迎联系指正，转载请注明出处！</p>

      
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